CALL MR 30              

Rule 11 On the Same Tack, Overlapped
Rule 17 On the Same Tack: Proper Course
Rule C7 Penalty System
Rule C8.3(b) Penalties Initiated by Umpires—deliberately breaking a rule


Question 1
Blue, to windward, fails to keep clear of Yellow to leeward. Yellow protests and Blue is penalized. Some time later Yellow protests again. When should the umpires consider that a rule is broken a second time?

Question 2
Blue has been penalized for sailing above a proper course, continues to do so and there is another protest from Yellow. When should the umpires consider that a rule is broken a second time?

Answer 1 and 2
When the umpires are satisfied that Blue could have taken action to stop breaking the rule after the first penalty is signalled, but fails to do so, then they will consider that the rule is broken a second time. The umpires may also decide that the second breach is deliberate and initiate a penalty without any Y flag being flown.